Electric charge and Quantization theory of charge

* 'Electric charge" = when two bodies of different materials rubbing to each other then the property is produce in both bodies has to attract tiny particle ,this attracting property is known as electricity and the body has electrified.

                     'Electric charge is scalar quantity'. It is denoted by Q or q .

* Types of charges:

1) positive charge 

Exa- Glass rod , wollen clothes

2) Negative charge 

Exa- silk clothes ,ebonite rod

**"Electronic Theory of Production of Charge":  we know that each and every substance consisting by small particle ,they are known as atoms. The central portion of atom is called nucleus it containing positively charge particle proton and nuetral particle neutron. The space around the nucleus in atom is empty which containing different energy shells. Negatively charge particle is known as electron and it revolve around the nucleous.

                The force of nuclear attraction on electron gradually decreases on increasing the distance from nucleus. When two different bodies rubbing to each other, atoms of big size can release their outermost electrons ,due to which there is difficency of electron and they gain positive charge. The other body containing atoms of small size gain electron thus due to excess of electron they produce negative cherge.

* “Different units of electric charge & relationship b/w the”:                  —  (S.I. unit) 1 coulomb =(C.G.S unit) 3×10^9 stat coulomb .

*** “Quantization theory of charge”: It states that every charged body containing total charge is the integers multiple of electronic charge. 

               Electronic charge is the smallest amount of charge which is known as fundamental charge or atomicity of charge. 

i.e total charge on body ,Q= ±n.e

Note: 

1) Electronic charge, e = 1.6×10^-19 coulomb ( Given by millikan) 

2) Specific charge of electron=e/m

                         = 1.7×10¹¹ c/kg

      (Given by sir j.j thomson) 

3) Dimensional formula of charge = [AT]